中国组织工程研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (35): 5647-5653.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.35.013

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

后路全脊椎切除截骨联合阶梯矫形治疗僵硬性角状后凸:生物力学分析

马华松,王晓平,谭  荣,陈志明,陆  明,袁  伟,徐启明,任冬云,麻  巍,李  龙,张  敬,郑  蕊,辛  莘   

  1. 解放军第306医院骨科,北京市  100101
  • 修回日期:2014-07-14 出版日期:2014-08-27 发布日期:2014-08-27
  • 作者简介:马华松,男,1963年生,浙江省舟山市人,汉族,博士后,主任医师,教授,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。

Posterior vertebral column resection osteotomy combined with step correction in treatment of stiff angular kyphosis: a biomechanical analysis

Ma Hua-song, Wang Xiao-ping, Tan Rong, Chen Zhi-ming, Lu Ming, Yuan Wei, Xu Qi-ming, Ren Dong-yun, Ma Wei, Li Long, Zhang Jing, Zheng Rui, Xin Xin   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the 306 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100101, China
  • Revised:2014-07-14 Online:2014-08-27 Published:2014-08-27
  • About author:Ma Hua-song, M.D., Chief physician, Professor, Department of Orthopedics, the 306 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100101, China

摘要:

背景:严重脊柱角状后凸畸形可导致患者脊髓的损伤和早期退变等病理过程的加重,严重者会出现双下肢不完全瘫痪,甚至完全瘫痪。手术治疗是惟一的解决途径和方法,但难度大,风险高,并且极易出现术后并发症。
目的:应用生物力学原理分析经后路全脊椎切除截骨联合阶梯矫形治疗僵硬性角状后凸的科学性和有效性。
方法:选择严重脊柱角状后凸畸形经后路全脊椎切除截骨联合双侧钉棒梯次紧凑闭合脊髓逐步短缩、矫形内固定治疗的患者共90例,男37例,女52例,平均年龄47岁。对患者术前术后的后凸角、脊柱矢状位失平衡、躯干侧方偏移率、手术时间、术中失血量进行对比分析。
结果与结论:患者术前后凸角为31°-138°,平均90.1°;术后10°-90°,平均41.6°,改善率为65%。C7铅垂线距S1后上缘距离术后平均5.2 mm,矫正率为73%。术中失血量为1 200-6 000 mL,平均失血量为2 089 mL。手术时间为212-470 min,平均326 min。术后随访20-35个月,所有患者的截骨节段均获得骨性融合,无脊髓损伤并发症出现,无矫形角度丢失。提示根据细胞生物力学特点和脊柱生物力学原理设计的双侧钉棒联合阶梯紧凑闭合脊髓逐步短缩脊柱矫形治疗在胸腰椎角状后凸畸形的矫正过程中能够最大限度保护脊髓细胞不受损伤,具有充分的细胞生理学基础,符合人体生物力学和生理学特点。术中应注意对神经根的保护和松解,避免术后出现相对应的神经根刺激症状。充分的植骨融合是保证对后凸畸形矫正和避免脊柱侧方偏移,同时又是恢复脊柱功能和术后矫形效果的有效保障。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


全文链接:

关键词: 植入物, 脊柱植入物, 僵硬性角状后凸, 经后路全脊椎切除截骨, 脊髓短缩技术, 组织工程, 生物力学

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Severe spinal angular kyphosis aggravated spinal cord injury and early degeneration, even caused incomplete paralysis or complete paralysis. Surgical treatment is the only solving approaches and method, but it is difficult, exhibits high risk, and easily affects postoperative complications.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the science and effectiveness of posterior vertebral column resection osteotomy combined with step correction in treatment of stiff angular kyphosis based on biomechanical principle.
METHODS: A total of 90 cases underwent posterior vertebral column resection osteotomy combined with bilateral pedicle screw spinal cord gradually shortening echelon tight closure and orthopedic fixation were selected, including 37 males and 52 females, at the average age of 47 years. Kyphotic angle, spinal sagittal imbalance, trunk side offset rate, operation time, intraoperative blood loss were compared and analyzed before and after treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The kyphotic angles were 31°-138° (averagely 90.1°) preoperatively and 10°-90° (averagely 41.6°) postoperatively, with an improvement rate of 65%. The distance from C7 plumb line to the S1 upper edge was averagely 5.2 mm, with a correction rate of 73%. Intraoperative blood loss was 1 200-6 000 mL, averagely 2 089 mL. Operation time was 212-470 minutes, averagely 326 minutes. The patients were followed up for 20 to 35 months after the surgery. Osteotomy segments had achieved bone fusion in all patients, and no complications of spinal cord injury or orthopedic angle loss appeared. These data verified that in the accordance with cell biomechanics and spinal biomechanical principles, bilateral pedicle screw spinal cord gradually shortening echelon tight closure and orthopedic fixation protected utmost spinal cord cells against injury in the correction of thoracolumbar angular kyphosis. There is sufficient basis for cell physiology and it accorded biomechanical and physiological characteristics. During the surgery, we should pay attention to protection and release of nerve root and avoid postoperative corresponding nerve root irritation. Full fusion ensures kyphosis correction and avoids spine lateral offset, is an effective safeguard for the recovery of spinal function and postoperative orthopedic effect.


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


全文链接:

Key words: kyphosis, internal fixators, osteotomy, biomechanics

中图分类号: